Hybrid warfare is a strategy that combines conventional military tactics with non-military means to achieve political objectives. Hybrid warfare techniques can include a wide range of tactics, including:

Cyber-attacks: This involves using computer networks to disrupt or damage an opponent’s infrastructure or communication systems. Cyber-attacks can also be used to steal information or spread false information.

Disinformation and propaganda: This involves spreading false or misleading information to shape public opinion or create confusion. Disinformation campaigns can be carried out through social media, fake news websites, or even traditional media outlets.

Economic coercion: This involves using economic power to influence another country’s policies or actions. Economic coercion can include sanctions, trade restrictions, or investment decisions.

Covert operations: This involves carrying out secret operations, such as sabotage or espionage, to achieve military or political objectives. Covert operations can be carried out by special forces, intelligence agencies, or private military contractors.

Political subversion: This involves manipulating or undermining a target country’s political system to achieve a specific outcome. Political subversion can include supporting opposition groups, funding political campaigns, or creating political chaos.

Proxy warfare: This involves using third-party actors, such as militias or rebel groups, to carry out military operations on behalf of a larger state actor. Proxy warfare allows states to achieve their objectives without being directly involved in combat.

Hybrid attacks: This involves combining multiple tactics in a coordinated campaign to achieve a specific outcome. For example, a hybrid attack could involve a cyber-attack to disrupt infrastructure, followed by disinformation campaigns to create confusion and undermine public trust in the government.

Hybrid warfare techniques are often used by state actors to achieve their objectives while avoiding direct military conflict. However, these tactics can also be used by non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, to achieve their own political goals. It’s important to recognize and understand these tactics to effectively defend against them and maintain national security